Cataract surgery is a common and safe procedure used to restore clear vision by removing the clouded lens of the eye and replacing it with an artificial one. It is most often performed on people over the age of 60, though cataracts can develop earlier in some cases. Understanding what happens during the Cataract surgery and how long it takes can help patients feel more comfortable and prepared.

Understanding Cataracts

A cataract is a clouding of the natural lens inside the eye. This cloudiness can cause blurred vision, glare from lights, faded colors, and difficulty seeing at night. When glasses or contact lenses can no longer correct the vision sufficiently, cataract surgery is often recommended.

Before the Procedure

Before surgery, a full eye examination is conducted to measure the shape and size of the eye. This helps determine the most suitable artificial lens (intraocular lens or IOL) to be implanted. Patients are usually advised to avoid eating or drinking for several hours before surgery, and eye drops may be prescribed to prevent infection and dilate the pupil.

What Happens During Cataract Surgery

Cataract surgery is typically performed on an outpatient basis, meaning there is no need to stay in the hospital overnight. The procedure is generally done under local anesthesia, which numbs the eye, and a mild sedative may be given to help the patient relax.

The most common method used is called phacoemulsification. Here is how it works:

• A small incision is made on the side of the cornea.
• A tiny ultrasonic device is inserted into the eye to break up the cloudy lens into small fragments.
• These fragments are gently suctioned out.
• Once the natural lens is removed, a clear artificial lens (IOL) is inserted into the same place.
• The incision is usually so small that it heals on its own without the need for stitches.

The entire process is delicate but highly precise, using advanced surgical tools and techniques to ensure safety and effectiveness.

How Long the Surgery Takes

Cataract surgery itself is quite fast. The actual procedure usually takes about 15 to 30 minutes per eye. However, patients should expect to be at the clinic or hospital for about 2 to 3 hours to allow time for preparation, anesthesia, and brief recovery after the procedure.

Most surgeons perform surgery on one eye at a time, often waiting a week or more before operating on the second eye if needed.

Recovery After Cataract Surgery

Patients usually notice improvement in vision within a few days. While discomfort is minimal, there may be mild irritation or light sensitivity. Eye drops are commonly prescribed to aid healing and prevent infection.

Most people can resume normal activities within a day or two, although strenuous activity and rubbing the eye should be avoided for a couple of weeks. A follow-up visit is typically scheduled within the first week after surgery.

Conclusion

Cataract surgery is a quick and highly effective way to restore vision. With a short procedure time and relatively fast recovery, it remains one of the most successful eye surgeries performed today. Being informed about what to expect during and after the surgery can make the experience smoother and more reassuring for patients.